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Drywall

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Tools & Materials

An Introduction to Drywall

Available in an ever-growing range of types and sizes, drywall is the preferred surface for walls and ceilings in residential construction.

By Myron R. Ferguson

During the 1940s and 1950s, prefabricated drywall panels gradually replaced plaster as the material of choice for finishing interior walls and ceilings. The earliest drywall panels were used to replace the lath backing in plasterwork; they were narrow (16 in. wide) and only 3/8 in. thick. Today, drywall comes in a wide variety of lengths, thicknesses, and special-use materials. The low cost and the large, easy-to-attach panels make drywall the preferred choice over conventional plaster.

A sheet of drywall consists of a hardened gypsum core sandwiched between two layers of paper—a strong, smooth-finished paper on one side (the face) and a rougher, “natural” paper on the back (see the drawing “End View of a Drywall Panel”). The face paper is folded around the long edges, which are tapered slightly to accommodate joint tape and compound after the panel is installed. The ends of the panel are cut square and finished smooth, leaving the gypsum core exposed.

drywall cross-section

Plaster-and-lath construction adds a lot of moisture to a building, and plastered surfaces are traditionally left to dry for up to two weeks (depending on humidity, temperature, and airflow) before being decorated. By comparison, drywall has a low moisture content and the joint compounds used to finish the panels cover only a portion of the exterior, rather than the entire surface, so they dry in 24 hours or less—hence the name “drywall.” Drywall is known by many other names, as well, such as Sheetrock (a brand name), gypsum board, plasterboard, wallboard, and gypsum drywall.

Drywall provides excellent sound control, structural integrity, and fire resistance. It is easy to decorate and serves as a good base for paint, wallpaper, paneling, textured finishes, decorative fabric, and vinyl wall coverings. The generic term drywall refers to a number of different types of panels, each with characteristics that make it suitable for specific residential and commercial applications.

truckload of drywall
A heavy load: Drywall panels stacked on a truck wait to be unloaded.

 

Types and Uses of Drywall

When most people think of drywall, they probably picture the standard 4×8 panel that has been in use since drywall first became popular. But this is by no means the only size or type of drywall available today. Panels come in lengths of up to 16 ft. and in 48-in. and 54-in. widths. A wide variety of special-use drywall is also available, including moisture/mold-resistant, fire-resistant, and abuse-resistant panels; 1/4-in. flexible panels; 1/2-in. high-strength ceiling panels; and foil-backed panels. There is also a lighter-weight drywall, and a new type of drywall that takes volatile organic compounds (VOCs) out of the air, creating healthier environments. In the sections that follow, I’ll guide you through the various types and their uses, the thicknesses and lengths available, and the framing specifications for each one. With this information, you’ll be able to make the right decision about which type of drywall to order when it comes time to plan a job.

Why Use Drywall?

Regardless of the type, all drywall panels have common characteristics that make them more suitable for wall coverings than plaster, plywood, and other materials.

  • Panels are available at most lumber stores in a variety of lengths and thicknesses.
  • Panels are easy to cut and install and are flexible and sag-resistant.
  • When properly reinforced with tape and joint compound, panels are highly resistant to cracks.
  • Panels readily accept paint and most other decorating materials.
  • Drywall eliminates excessive moisture during construction—a common problem with plaster.
  • The noncombustible gypsum core provides fire protection.
  • The dense panels provide more effective sound control than do lighter materials, such as plywood and fiberboard.

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View Comments

  1. michael0 | Aug 06, 2020 04:09am | #1

    That's crazy, I had no idea that some drywall panels come in as big as 16 feet and 54 inches wide. I guess it's somewhat easier to repair drywall patches if they are made that big.

  2. burlesondrywallcontr | Nov 25, 2020 07:12am | #2

    Very interesting discussion, love what's being said. My business drywall repair here at Burleson really appreciate the insights.

    1. JonoSamson | Nov 29, 2020 09:57pm | #5

      Yeah, you're right! this is very interesting. My team from Chicago drywall installation also loves this page!

  3. drywallchicago07 | Nov 26, 2020 08:32am | #3

    Such an amazing drywall introduction blog.

  4. JonoSamson | Nov 27, 2020 07:03am | #4

    Thanks, I'll be able now to make the right decision about which type of drywall to order. Because to be honest, I really had no idea about that but, I know a team of professional who is experts when it comes in drywall repair, you can also contact them.

  5. contractor0777777 | Dec 01, 2020 09:27am | #6

    Very interesting blog for me as an owner of basement finishing business.
    Knowing this will benefits us all. Thank you very much for sharing!

  6. concreteslab | Dec 02, 2020 11:22am | #7

    Thanks for the article! We don't do much large-scale internal communication at our waterproof foundation service in San Francisco, but I'll keep this in mind as we continue to expand our workforce.

  7. EmmaBlakeley | Dec 03, 2020 05:23am | #8

    Very interesting. But let me share amazing services when it comes to home remodeling repair like Arlington drywall installation

    1. Alex10 | Apr 16, 2024 12:59pm | #23

      I was so glad when I started to understand drywalling when I put up my painting company. Helped so much! - house painting

  8. DavidThompson | Dec 04, 2020 07:05am | #9

    Good afternoon, We are a foundation leak repair service based out of Miami. I just wanted to thank you for the write up, every home owner should know these. You’ll definitely get back what you put in when it comes to home improvement!

    1. SofiaAlbaro | Dec 11, 2020 10:48am | #11

      And every foundation contractors should also know these.

  9. JennyGarcia | Dec 10, 2020 07:19am | #10

    Thanks for sharing this important information. We'll have to keep these tips in mind when communicating with employees and contractors in our waterproof basement flooring business company :)

  10. LondonDrywallers | Apr 20, 2021 11:00am | #12

    What a wonderfully written article! When it comes to a drywall company London, Ontario we are the local experts. We appreciate reading articles like this one to spread awareness about drywall. Thank you for taking the time to write this, cheers!

  11. WaterlooDrywalling | May 19, 2021 12:12am | #13

    Thank you for this article, it's really useful to know the different kinds of drywall. We will have to keep this in mind for our drywall installation as the local experts.

  12. LondonDrywallers | Jul 23, 2021 03:29pm | #14

    We're also a Barrie drywall company!

  13. bryan76 | Sep 17, 2021 10:13am | #15

    Thanks for sharing this important information. We'll have to keep these tips in mind when communicating with employees and contractors in our drywall installation palm bay

  14. LondonDrywallers | Feb 10, 2022 03:52pm | #16

    Really great article. Tons of great info very useful for our basement renovation and finishing division.

  15. AnneGo | Jun 15, 2022 03:28am | #17

    I have been digging articles lately for our our site and lucky enough to find this one! This is very informative indeed. Awesome post you have here, thank you for sharing!

  16. joana_anderson | Jun 16, 2023 06:07pm | #18

    Cheers!

  17. RyeD | Jan 17, 2024 12:19pm | #19

    Thank you for the great information you shared. Visalia Fence Company Visalia CA

  18. TampaDrywall | Feb 19, 2024 06:13pm | #20

    This is helpful. So that I can learn more, I'm looking for another article that explains the fundamental differences between drywall used in wet areas like bathrooms and kitchens. Like green board or MMR. Thanks.

  19. Alex10 | Apr 04, 2024 01:01pm | #21

    Such a great quality intro to learning about drywall. We've worked with a lot of clients when their basements get water, lot's of water damaged drywall to say the least! -Alex, foundation waterproofing

  20. Alex10 | Apr 08, 2024 12:32pm | #22

    Very impressed with this articles depth. solarpanelswinnipeg.com

  21. Rudra | Nov 14, 2024 02:52am | #24

    wow rally nice i like it thank u. Sarkari Naukri

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Drywall

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Drywall Basics
  • Types and Uses of Drywall
  • Planning the Job
Tools and Materials
  • Hanging Tools
  • Taping Tools and Materials
  • Sanding and Finishing Tools and Materials
Hanging Drywall
  • Prep for Hanging
  • Measuring and Cutting Drywall
  • Guidelines for Hanging and Fastening Drywall
  • Hanging Ceilings
  • Hanging Walls
  • Hanging Airtight Drywall
  • Trim Accessories/Corner Beads
Taping and Sanding
  • Taping Basics
  • Taping Seams
  • Taping Inside and Outside Corners
  • Sanding
Special Installations
  • Tricky Transitions
  • Curved Surfaces
  • Other Special Installations
  • Decorating with Drywall
Drywall Repairs
  • Patching Holes, Cracks, and More
Plaster
  • Working with Lime Plaster
  • Plaster Repair
  • Classic Plaster Techniques

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